By Christine D. Calder,
DVM, DACVB
Calder Veterinary Behavior Services, www.caldervbs.com
Thanks to better veterinary care and healthier food, dogs are living longer lives. While this is great news, it also means that dogs can develop health problems as they age. One of these is Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome, or CDS. This condition affects a dog’s brain and can cause changes in behavior, memory, and routine. It is similar to Alzheimer’s disease in people. While there is not a cure for CDS, by understanding this disease and getting help early, you can make life easier and happier for your dog.
What is CDS and How Does it Affect Dogs?
As a dog’s brain ages, it can start to work less effectively. Damage from harmful chemicals in the body, reduced oxygen to the brain, and the buildup of bad proteins can make it hard for the brain to work properly. At first, the changes may be small, but they can grow over time. Common signs of CDS include confusion, changes in behavior, accidents in the house, and trouble sleeping at night. Anxiety and restlessness are also common.
To help remember the signs of CDS, veterinarians use the word DISHA-A:
• Disorientation – Your dog might seem confused, get stuck in corners, or stare into space.
• Changes in Social Interactions – Your dog might avoid people or act differently around family members or pets.
• Changes in Sleep Patterns – Dogs with CDS may sleep more during the day and stay awake at night.
• House Soiling – Your dog might forget to go to the bathroom in the right place even if they are trained.
• Changes in Activity Levels- Dogs might be less active, especially during the day.
• Anxiety – Your dog may become more restless or nervous and might no longer feel comfortable when left home alone, showing signs of anxiety or distress.
When Do Signs of CDS Start?
While CDS is often seen in older dogs, it can sometimes start as early as 5-7 years of age, especially in larger breeds. Some of the symptoms, like reduced activity or accidents in the house, can also look like other health problems such as arthritis, infections, and certain cancers. This is why it is important to talk to your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior. The veterinarian can rule out other medical issues before diagnosing CDS.
What Causes CDS?
Scientists believe that CDS happens as the brain ages and stops working as well as it used to. Over time, brain cells can become damaged or die. A harmful protein can build up in the brain, blocking its normal function. These changes lead to memory loss, confusion, and trouble performing daily activities.
How to Help a Dog with CDS
Caring for a dog with CDS takes a team effort. There are several ways you can help your dog feel better and slow the progression of the disease. Here are some tips:
Mental and Physical Activity
Keep your dog’s brain active by teaching new tricks, playing games, or using problem solving, puzzle toys. Reward-based training can also help your dog stay focused and keep its mind sharp. Physical exercise, like walks and playtime, is just as important. It helps your dog stay healthy and can improve sleep patterns
Create an Enriching Environment
Keep your dog’s environment interesting by introducing new toys or games. Nose-work games, where your dog uses its sense of smell to find treats, can keep your dog active and curious. Providing variety during the day can help reduce anxiety and keep your dog engaged.
Healthy Diets and Supplements
Certain diets made for senior dogs can support brain health and improve memory and focus. Supplements designed for older dogs can also help protect the brain and reduce damage caused by aging. Talk to your veterinarian about what options might be best for your dog.
Relaxation Techniques
If your dog seems anxious or restless, you can use aids and tools to promote a calm and calming environment such as pheromones sprays, relaxing music, or gentle massage. These methods may help your dog feel more at ease and lower stress levels.
Why Early Diagnosis is Important
The earlier you notice the signs of CDS, the sooner you can help your dog. Regular checkups with your veterinarian are a great time to ask questions about your dog’s behavior. If you notice any of the following, let your veterinarian know:
• Does your dog seem confused, like getting stuck in corners or staring at walls?
• Is it less interested in playing with or greeting people?
• Is it awake more at night or vocalizing more often?
• Is it having accidents in the house, even though it is house trained?
• Are they pacing, wandering, or acting restless?
By recognizing these changes, you and your veterinarian can create a plan to help your dog feel more comfortable.
Caring for Your Aging Dog
Caring for a dog with CDS can be challenging but starting treatment early and following a routine can make a big difference. By recognizing the signs and taking proactive steps, such as scheduling regular veterinary visits, keeping your dog mentally and physically active, and creating a supportive environment, you can help it manage its condition as it ages. Work with your veterinarian to create a plan that fits your dog's needs and helps maintain its quality of life.